Pinyin is how Chinese characters, words are pronounced, it is the standard system of romanized spelling for transliterating Chinese.

Hanzi is the logographic writing system used to write the Chinese language. Hanzi are logograms: each character represents a meaning, a syllable, or both.

Vocabulary is the collection of all the words in a language. It includes not only individual words but also fixed expressions, phrases, idioms, and collocations.

Grammar is the structural foundation of a language. It tells us how to arrange words, change their forms, and connect them to express clear and meaningful ideas.